Steel, carbon steel is in addition to iron, carbon, but also contains a small amount of manganese, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus and other elements of the iron-carbon alloy, according to their carbon content can be divided into:
1) Low carbon - carbon wc ≤ 0.25%
2) carbon - carbon wc> 0.25% ~ 0.60%
3) high carbon steel - carbon wc> 0.60%
(2)Alloy steel
In order to improve the performance of steel, carbon steel in the refining, based on adding some alloying elements and Tempered steel, such as chromium steel, manganese, chromium manganese steel, chrome-nickel steel. According to the total content of alloying elements can be divided into:
1) Low alloy steel - the total content of alloying elements ≤ 5%
2) alloy steel - the total content of alloying elements, 5% ~ 10%
3) high-alloy steel - the total content of alloying elements> 10%
2. By refining equipment at the
(1)Converter steel
With the converter blowing the steel, can be divided into bottom-blowing, side-blown, top-blowing and air blowing, blowing oxygen converter steel and other training; according to the different lining, and two kinds of sub-acid and alkaline
(2)Open-hearth steel
With the open-hearth steel refining, according to the different lining material is divided into two kinds of acid and alkaline, generally open-hearth steel and more alkaline
(3)EAF steel
Electric furnace refining of steel, steel with electric arc furnace, induction furnace steel and vacuum induction furnace steel. Industrial mass production, is the basic electric arc furnace steel
3. Oxygen levels at points before pouring
(1)Rimmed steel
Oxygen is not entirely of steel, ingot molds when pouring boiling produced. The advantage is less refining loss, low cost, surface quality and deep drawing performance; disadvantage is that non-uniform composition and quality, corrosion resistance and mechanical strength is poor, generally used for rolling carbon steel cable structural steel and steel
(2)Killed steel
Oxygen is a complete steel ingot molds when pouring molten steel in the calm, not boiling. The advantage is uniform composition and quality; disadvantage is that the metal was low income, high cost. General alloy steel and quality carbon structural steel are all killed steel
(3)Semi-killed steel
Oxygen levels were among the killed steel and rimmed steel steel, due to production is difficult to control. Current production less
4. The quality of steel by
(1)General Steel
Impurity element in steel containing more sulfur ws General ≤ O. 05%, phosphorus content wP ≤ 0.045%, such as carbon steel, low alloy steel, etc.
(2)Quality steel
Impurity element in steel containing less sulfur and phosphorus content ws, wp, generally ≤ 0.04%, such as high-quality carbon structural steel, alloy steel, carbon tool steel and alloy tool steel, spring steel, bearing steel
(3)High quality steel
Impurity element in steel containing very little sulfur ws General ≤ O. 03%, phosphorus content wP ≤ 0.035%, such as alloy structural steel and tool steel. High quality steel in the steel back, often with symbols "A" or the Chinese character for "high " to identify
5. Points by the use of steel
(1)Structural Steel
1) The construction and engineering steel - referred to as construction steel, which is used for buildings, bridges, ships, boilers or other engineering metal structure made of steel. Such as carbon steel, low alloy steel, reinforced steel
2) Structural Steel Machinery - machinery and equipment is used in the manufacture of steel parts on the structure. Basically, these are high-quality steel, steel or high quality steel, there are high-quality carbon structural steel, alloy steel, free cutting steel, spring steel, bearing steel
(2)Tool steel
Generally used in the manufacture of tools, such as carbon tool steel, alloy tool steel, high-speed tool steel. Such as by use of cutting tools can be divided into steel, die steel, gauge steel
(3)Special Steel
Steel with special properties, such as acid-resistant stainless steel, heat-resistant steel can not afford leather, high-resistance alloy, wear-resistant steel, magnets, etc.
(4)Professional steel
This refers to the various industrial sectors of steel for professional use, such as automotive steel, agricultural machinery steel, aviation, steel, chemical machinery steel, boiler steel, electrical steel, welding steel, etc.
6. Divided by manufacturing and processing forms
(1)Cast
Steel is produced by casting method and a steel casting. Steel is mainly used for manufacturing some complex shape, forging or machining is difficult to shape but require a higher strength and plasticity of the parts
(2)Forged
Forged steel is produced by forging method and a variety of forgings and forgings. Forgings higher quality than cast steel, can withstand the large impact force, plasticity, toughness and other mechanical properties than steel castings high, so any number of important machine parts are forged steel parts should be used
(3)Hot-rolled steel
Hot-rolled steel is produced by hot rolling method and a variety of hot-rolled steel. Most are based on hot rolling of steel into the, often used to produce hot-rolled steel, steel pipes, steel and other large steel, also used for rolling wire
(4)Cold Rolled Steel
Cold rolled steel is produced by a variety of methods and cold-rolled steel. Compared with hot rolled steel, cold rolled steel is characterized by a smooth surface, precise size, good mechanical properties. Cold rolled sheet used to, strip and
(5)Cold Drawn Steel
Cold drawn steel is produced by drawing a variety of methods and drawing of steel. Cold drawn steel is characterized by: high precision, good surface quality. Mainly for the production of cold drawn steel wire, but also for the production of less than 50mm in diameter, round and hexagonal, and the 76mm diameter pipe below
